What is Electron Affinity?

 What is Electron Affinity? 


Electron fondness is characterized as 


The measure of energy delivered when an electron is added to an unbiased molecule to shape an anion. 


The electron fondness is the potential energy change of the molecule when an electron is added to a nonpartisan vaporous particle to frame a negative particle. So the more negative the electron fondness the more great the electron expansion measure is. Not all components structure stable negative particles where case the electron proclivity is zero or even certain. 


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The measure of energy delivered when an electron is added to an impartial iota to frame an anion is called electron liking. Electron affinities are hard to gauge. 


Electron fondness increments going left to directly over a period. The general pattern over a period happens due to expanded atomic fascination. 


Going down the gathering the electron liking should diminish since the electron is being added progressively further away from the particle. Less firmly bound and thusly closer in energy to a free electron. 


Electron affinity=1Atomic Size 


In a period, as we move from left to right the nuclear size diminishes because of the expansion in the atomic power subsequently the electron gain enthalpy increments. Though while descending a gathering in the occasional table, the nuclear size increments subsequently causing an abatement in the estimation of electron gain enthalpy. 


The primary electron proclivity is consistently exothermic that is negative the second electron liking of a similar component will be positive or endothermic. This is so in light of the fact that the subsequent electron must be compelled to enter the mono negative particle. The electron proclivity can't be resolved straightforwardly yet is acquired by implication from the Born-Haber cycle. 


Elements Affecting Electron Affinity 


The overall factors that influence the electron proclivity are recorded underneath. 


Electron affinity=1Atomic Size 


Electron affinity=Effective Nuclear Charge 


Electron affinity=1Screening Effect 


Reactivity of non−metals=Electron fondness 


Oxidizing intensity of element=Electron fondness 


1. Nuclear size: If the nuclear size is little, at that point there will be more noteworthy electron gain enthalpy on the grounds that the powerful atomic powers will be more prominent in the more modest particles and the electrons will be held solidly. 


2. Atomic charge: The more prominent the atomic charge more will be the incentive for electron gain enthalpy in light of the fact that an expansion in atomic charge will build the viable atomic power on valence electrons. 


Electron Affinity 


When all is said in done electron liking follows the accompanying patterns: 


Incandescent light > Oxygen family > Carbon family > Nitrogen family > Metals of gathering 1 and 13 > Metals of gathering 2 


Electron Affinity of Halogens 


Ionization potential is the energy needed to eliminate an electron from a vaporous particle. Energy is provided for eliminating an iota infers that energy will be delivered if an additional electron is added to the particle. The measure of energy delivered when an unbiased iota in its vaporous state acknowledges an electron and gets changed over into a contrarily charged particle is known as electron liking. 


X(g) + e− → X− (g) + E.A. 


Here X is any component taken in the vaporous state and E.A. is the electron liking. The unit of electron partiality is electron volts per molecule or kilojoule per mole. It is spoken to by a negative sign [-] for instance, 


Cl (g) + e−→Cl− (g) + 349 KJ/mol 


Hence, the electron liking of chlorine is – 349 KJ/mol. 


Energy is delivered when the main electron is added to a particle and prompts the development of a monovalent anion and this is known as the primary electron proclivity. Presently on the off chance that we add another electron to this anion, a power of repugnance is experienced by the electron and energy is retained. In this manner, the second electron partiality and further affinities are positive in nature. 


Oftentimes Asked Questions 


What is the pattern for electron fondness? 


Electron liking increments upward across times of an intermittent table for the gatherings and from left to right, in light of the fact that the electrons added to the energy levels draw nearer to the core, making the core and its electrons more alluring. 


Is electron proclivity positive or negative? 


The adjustment in energy is negative if a response is exothermic. That implies the liking of the electron is positive. For example, chlorine's electron fondness has a negative sign that shows us the energy delivered to add an electron to a particle. 


Who found electron partiality? 


Electron Affinity was an idea that was found of 1901 taking into account the revelation of electron pessimism by Linus Carl Pauling. Electron Affinity is the measure of progress in energy when an electron in a vaporous state is applied to an impartial molecule. 


For what reason is the electron proclivity of honorable gases positive? 


The enthalpy of electron gain for incandescent light is exceptionally negative on the grounds that by tolerating an additional electron they can get the closest steady respectable gas setup. Respectable gases have huge positive enthalpy in the addition of electrons. 


For what reason do incandescent light have high electron partiality? 


The incandescent light's high electron affinities are because of their little size, high powerful atomic charge and a practically full external shell of electrons. At the point when an electron is added to incandescent lamp with high electron fondness, high energy is delivered

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